—–. 1989. The brand new Sentence structure and you may Semantics out of Verb Morphology during the Modern Aramaic: An effective Jewish Dialect away from Iraqi Kurdistan. American Oriental Show, 69. The newest Haven: Western China Area.
Meehan, Charles, and you will Jacqueline Alon. 1979. The fresh new Kid Whoever Tunic Trapped to help you Him: A good Folktale on Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect from Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel Oriental Education 9:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Story and Background in the a period from Lamentations into the Ninth from Ab regarding Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect away from Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The ebook off Exodus in the Neo-Aramaic on the Dialect of the Jewish Neighborhood regarding Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Force.
These types of half a dozen binyanim of Syriac was basically lower in NENA to help you two basic kinds, with a third closely allied to your 2nd
Thomason, Sarah Grey, and you may Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Vocabulary Contact, Creolization, and you can Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley and you can Los angeles: Univ. from California Drive.
The original category originated from the fresh peal, the following classification on the pael, and 3rd, whose vocalism lumen uygulaması nedir follows that the following, hails from the latest afel
Some other foundation complicating the situation is the differential influences of your some co-territorial dialects. The latest dialect variations within Kurdish are particularly considerable, also to their impression will be traced a number of the adaptation certainly one of NENA dialects. Including, the fresh new Jewish Neo-Aramaic out-of Halabja, like the Kurdish of city, doesn’t identify a gift and you can coming demanding, however, in which Kurdish retains particularly a positive change, very does Neo-Aramaic. Inside the Azerbaijan, Turkish possess exerted solid affect new Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), while the dialects of your own plain out of Mosul tell you an effective determine out of Arabic not viewed elsewhere.
Tkhuma (Tx): The language of descendants from emigrants from just one of the partial-independent ashirets away from the southern area of Chicken, now resident along the Khabur Area inside the Syria. Data is out of Jacobi (1973) and you can my cards.
(5) Syriac got about three basic spoken stems, the latest peal, the brand new pael, together with afel. These types of have been added three passive stems, formed about basic ones from the prefixation away from age[Theta]-: the new age[Theta]pael, the fresh elizabeth[Theta]paal, in addition to ettafal. This case is present during NENA. In the most common NENA dialects, verbs commonly remain in new verb categories in which these were found in earlier degree of one’s vocabulary. That is, the fresh new descendant out-of a beneficial Syriac peal verb would be good NENA Category I verb, and you may good Syriac pael verb is good NENA Classification II verb: such, Urmi ptaxa 'open’ of earlier peal, and you may sadure 'send’ out-of earlier pael. Yet not, within the Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and perhaps Koy Sanjaq, the course registration has been reorganized that will be foreseeable on basis of one’s shape of the brand new stem instead of their historical origin. Such as for instance, from inside the Azerbaijani new C base provides the form CaCoC- for voice verbs, whatever its provider, and you can CCaC- getting center-weakened verbs: garosen 'I have always been pulling’, but kwasan 'I (f.) are descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Some other really high innovation within the NENA is the 3rd individual copula which have l: ile 'he is’, ila 'she is’. This type will get obtain (Noldeke 1868, 203) from we[Theta] leh 'he has’, however, zero copula think its great is located additional NENA. The first and you will next people don’t possess an l, but from inside the Jewish Azerbaijani, the spot where the l has been generalized through the paradigm: Jilu iwIt 'you (masc.) are’, Aradhin i:victory 'I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is located through the NENA but during the Halabja, with -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye 'it is the times of mercy’. Neither Turoyo nor Mandaic keeps models parallel so you can ile: Turoyo harke-yo 'he is actually here’, harke-no 'I in the morning here’; Mandaic basim-ye 'he is charming’, basim-na 'I have always been charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The outdated Aramaic word getting 'son’, bra inside the BT, has been lengthened in all NENA except Hertevin by the introduction of diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, personal communication), Zakho brona (Meehan and Alon 1979, 177). Although not, each other Turoyo and you will Mandaic features an enthusiastic epenthetic vowel, however, no suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and Mandaic eber or ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) Occasionally, Hertevin aligns with Turoyo, resistant to the remainder of NENA. They does not have good CCaCa establish demanding (6), has no sodir preterite (12), does not have any preposition ta (15), and you will spends ruh to form reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. The brand new Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect from Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Research and you will Folkloristic Texts. Janua Linguarum, show practica 3. The fresh Hague: Mouton.