Bee Species Diversity
Away from 2009 in order to 2018, 192 bee types (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was in fact trapped inside Calanques National Park through one another web and you will bowl pitfall collections. They belonged in order to half dozen family and you can 38 genera. Megachilidae are the absolute most varieties-rich members of the family, followed closely by Apidae and you can Halictidae, having 53, forty-two, and you may 43 varieties, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 try brand new richest genus, having 33 species, while eight genera was indeed portrayed because of the just one varieties (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Dining table step 1 [on the web merely] ). By using the jackknife 1 and you can dos spiders, the full bee varieties richness is actually estimated become anywhere between ± 9.89 and you can ± . The fresh new observed richness therefore illustrated 71.step 3 to help you 79.6% of one’s projected bee fullness ( Dining table dos). New Chao1 method projected brand new noticed richness becoming 76.8% of your own possible maximum fullness ( Table dos). More plentiful types try Apis mellifera L. (276 people), accompanied by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you may 168 some one, respectively), and you can Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 some body). In the long run, fifty types (26%) was portrayed of the only one individual (singletons).
Environmental Qualities out-of Bees
Regarding the ecological traits away from nesting tastes, i understood 59 unmarried bee kinds nesting a lot more than ground, ninety five single bee varieties nesting below ground and 23 cleptoparasitic kinds, corresponding to 29.seven, 47.9, and you may twelve.0% of your own complete bee types fullness, correspondingly. We sensed five public kinds (bumble bees and you will honey bees-dos.1%). In the end, the fresh new nesting preferences out-of fourteen kinds are nevertheless unknown (seven.3%- Supp Desk 1 [on the web just] ). Concerning your flowery diet plan off bee kinds, i learned that 105 kinds (54.7%) foraged into the an array of plant species (we.age., generalist types, polylectic) and you may 51 varieties (26.5%) foraged on a single plant loved ones otherwise one to/few bush types (we.age., professional species, oligolectic). To the kept thirty six bee kinds (18.8%), the brand new flowery diet plan was not understood (elizabeth.grams., for cleptoparasitic varieties). But not, extremely generalist variety shown a desires for one otherwise several bush family members ( Supp Desk step one [on line merely] ). For the 44 singletons, 14 bee kinds (28%) had been gurus, and you can 9 bee kinds (18%) was in fact cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table 1 [on the web only] ).
An enthusiastic IUCN standing is available for 178 species (leaving out the fresh kinds complexes and you will unidentified kinds). Some of those, 47 species had been classified given that research deficient (DD-26.4%), 124 types were minimum alarmed (LC-69.6%), six kinds had been near endangered (NT-step 3.4%; Andrena 
ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you can L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and one types was sensed threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Desk step 1 [on the internet just] ). About three oligolectic varieties was among eight threatened bee species. A good. ovatula and you will C. albomaculatus is experts to the Fabaceae, D. argentata try a specialist towards Caprifoliaceae.
Of 2009 so you can 2018, 38 species of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) have been stuck for the Calanques National Playground. It belonged to twenty-four genera ( Supp Table 2 [on the internet simply] ). Probably the most plentiful genera was Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 someone), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (fourteen somebody), and Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville when you look at the Latreille, 1828 (13 individuals), whereas 20 types (53%) was in fact depicted by the just one individual ( Supp Desk 2 [online just] ). New bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was represented because of the 20 types, and four singletons (25%) ( Supp Table step 3 [on the internet merely] ). The latest estimate off full types richness from hover flies and you may bee flies try anywhere between 83 and you will 97 kinds utilizing the jackknife step 1 and dos indexes, respectively. Consequently, the brand new observed fullness illustrated 59.8–69.9% of your own projected hover fly and you can bee travel fullness ( Table 2).