Abstract. Research conducted in recent years provides more and more evidence that diet can have a significant impact on male fertility. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between diet, energy balance and fertility in men. A comprehensive literature search of published studies in various languages, was carried out in electronic databases. The direct analysis included 96 works published between 2008 and 2018, including 12 randomized controlled trials and 23 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A strong adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is positively correlated with total sperm count, progressive motility and total motile sperm count (all p < 0.05). However, attention is drawn to the fact that foods that are considered “healthy” can sometimes contain a significant amount of pollution, which negatively affect the semen parameters. An adequate intake of antioxidants or their supplementation have been quite effective in the prevention and treatment of male infertility. The improvement of pregnancy rate after antioxidant therapy ranged in various studies from 11% to 41%. An important problem, however, may be choosing the right dose of the supplement or finding an appropriate combination of antioxidants that may be more effective than any single antioxidant. The normalization of men's body weight is beneficial for the quality of sperm and the concentration of male reproductive hormones. Further, long-term studies require the assessment of the impact of drastic weight loss after bariatric surgery on male fertility.
Introduction
New frequency regarding infertility certainly partners regarding reproductive age brackets, predicated on certain source, away from 8% to help you twenty five% [1–3]. Male sterility is the only cause for infertility into the 20–30% away from instances and you may a factor adding to infertility during the 50% of the many infertility instances . New investigations of male potency constantly boasts medical examination and you may review on reference philosophy of your own following sperm parameters: regularity, complete sperm fertility, concentration, motility and you can morphology (Table step one) . Lowest sperm count and you may/otherwise quality can be found in the ninety% from partners with virility troubles . From the evaluation away from fertility, the new density regarding male reproductive hormones are assessed. Now, the molecular structure from spunk structure, reviewed from the comparing the amount of DNA fragmentation or oxidative be concerned could have been much more taken into consideration. Numerous studies use the DNA fragmentation list (DFI) as the indicative of being pregnant profits. According to Evenson and you will Wixon, DFI range out of three to five% during the compliment people, when you’re good DFI regarding ? 30% is actually with the shorter virility . Already defined genetic items, together with both chromosomal aberrations and monogenic changes, account fully for no more than ten–15% regarding instances of men sterility . The source getting fertility difficulties can certainly be ecological factors. The purpose of the study was to become familiar with the connection anywhere between eating plan, opportunity harmony and you will virility costs from inside the men.
Means off literature browse
A comprehensive literature search of published studies in various languages, was carried out in electronic databases, including: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Google Scholar. Randomized controlled trials, observational and qualitative studies published between 2008 and 2018 (up to and including March) were included. The following keywords related to male infertility, diet, nutrients and their combinations (made by applying operators AND and OR) were used in the search: ‘male infertility’, ‘sperm quality’, ‘idiopathic oligozoospermia’, ‘astenoazospermia’, ‘oligoastenoteratozoospermia’, ‘sperm DNA damage’, ‘nutritional status’, ‘BMI’, ‘obesity’, ‘diet’, ‘nutrition’, dietary pattern’, ‘food’, ‘nutrient’, ‘fatty acids’, ‘antioxidant’, ‘supplementation’, ‘vitamin C’, ‘vitamin E’,’ vitamin A’, ‘folate’, ‘zinc’, ‘selenium’, ‘L-carnitine’, ‘glutathione’, ‘coenzyme Q10’, ‘N-acetylcysteine’, ‘lycopene’. Reference lists of studies extracted from the primary electronic search were used to identify additional relevant studies.
| Sperm factor | Reference restrict (95% trust durations) |
|---|---|
| Sperm frequency | 1.5 ml (1.4–1.7) |
| Total sperm count | 39 billion for every single ejaculate (33–46) |
| Sperm concentration | 15 million for every ml (12–16) |
| Powers | 58% real time (55–63) |
| Modern motility | 32% (31–34) |
| Overall (progressive + nonprogressive) motility | 40% (38–42) |
| Morphologically normal versions | 4.0% (step three.0–4.0) |